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Federal law enforcement in the United States

U.S. Park Police officers awaiting deployment during the 2005 Inauguration Day
U.S. Customs and Border Protection officers board a ship.
The federal government of the United States empowers a wide range of law enforcement agencies to maintain law and public order related to matters affecting the country as a whole.

Contents

  • Overview 1
  • History 2
  • List of agencies and units of agencies 3
    • Executive Branch 3.1
      • Department of Agriculture (USDA) 3.1.1
      • Department of Commerce (DOC) 3.1.2
      • Department of Defense 3.1.3
        • Department of the Army 3.1.3.1
        • Department of the Navy 3.1.3.2
        • Department of the Air Force 3.1.3.3
      • Department of Education 3.1.4
      • Department of Energy (DOE) 3.1.5
      • Department of Health and Human Services 3.1.6
      • Department of Homeland Security (DHS) 3.1.7
      • Department of Housing and Urban Development 3.1.8
      • Department of the Interior (USDI) 3.1.9
      • Department of Justice (USDOJ) 3.1.10
      • Department of Labor 3.1.11
      • Department of State (DoS) 3.1.12
      • Department of Transportation 3.1.13
      • Department of the Treasury 3.1.14
      • Department of Veterans Affairs 3.1.15
    • Legislative Branch 3.2
    • Judicial Branch 3.3
    • Other federal law enforcement agencies 3.4
  • Statistics 4
  • See also 5
  • References 6
  • External links 7

Overview

Federal law enforcement authorities have authority, given to them under various parts of the United States Code (U.S.C.). Federal law enforcement officers enforce various laws, generally at only the federal level. There are exceptions, with some agencies and officials enforcing state and tribal codes. Most are limited by the U.S. Code to investigating matters that are explicitly within the power of the federal government. Some federal investigative powers have become broader in practice, since the passage of the USA PATRIOT Act in October 2001.[1]

The Department of Justice was formerly the largest, and is still the most prominent, collection of Federal law enforcement agencies. It has handled most law enforcement duties at the federal level.[2] It includes the United States Marshals Service (USMS), the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP), and others. However, upon its creation in 2002; in response to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks; the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) became the Department with the most sworn armed Federal law enforcement officers and agents after it incorporated agencies seen as having roles in protecting the country against terrorism. This included large agencies such as The U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), the U.S. Transportation Security Administration (TSA), and the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP)--which combined the former agencies of the United States Boarder Patrol, United States Customs Service, and The United States Department of Agriculture's Animal Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) into a single agency within the DHS.[3]

While the majority of federal law enforcement employees work for the departments of Justice and Homeland Security, there are dozens of other federal law enforcement agencies under the other executive departments, as well as under the legislative and judicial branches of the federal government.

History

Federal law enforcement in the United States is well over two hundred years old. For example, the Postal Inspection Service can trace its origins back to 1772.[4]

List of agencies and units of agencies

Agencies in bold text are Law Enforcement Agencies (LEA).

Executive Branch

Department of Agriculture (USDA)

Department of Commerce (DOC)

Department of Defense

Department of the Army
Department of the Navy
Department of the Air Force

Department of Education

Department of Energy (DOE)

Department of Health and Human Services

Department of Homeland Security (DHS)

CBP Officers and Border Patrol Agents at a ceremony in 2007

Department of Housing and Urban Development

Department of the Interior (USDI)

Department of Justice (USDOJ)

Department of Labor

Department of State (DoS)

Department of Transportation

Department of the Treasury

A Bureau of Engraving and Printing Police (BEP) patrol car.

Department of Veterans Affairs

Legislative Branch

Judicial Branch

Other federal law enforcement agencies

Independent Agencies and Quasi-official Corporations

Statistics

  • In 2004, federal agencies employed approximately 105,000 full-time personnel authorized to make arrests and carry firearms in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Compared with 2002, employment of such personnel increased by 13%.
  • Nationwide, there were 36 federal officers per 100,000 residents. Outside the District of Columbia, which had 1,662 per 100,000, State ratios ranged from 90 per 100,000 in Arizona to 7 per 100,000 in Iowa.
  • As of 2004, about 3 in 4 federal law enforcement officers working outside the Armed Forces were employed within the Department of Homeland Security or the Department of Justice.
  • Federal officers' duties included criminal investigation (38%), police response and patrol (21%), corrections and detention (16%), inspections (16%), court operations (5%), and security and protection (4%).
  • Women accounted for 16% of federal officers in 2004, an increase from 14.8% in 2002.
  • A third (33.2%) of federal officers were members of a racial or ethnic minority in 2004. This included 17.7% who were Hispanic or Latino, and 11.4% who were black or African American. In 2002, racial or ethnic minorities officers comprised 32.4% of federal officers.
  • Twenty-seven federal offices of inspector general (IG) employed criminal investigators with arrest and firearm authority in 2004. Overall, these agencies employed 2,867 such officers in the 50 states and District of Columbia.[6]

See also

References

  1. ^ http://tamiu.libguides.com/content.php?pid=355722&sid=2953612
  2. ^
  3. ^ https://www.cbp.gov/about/history
  4. ^
  5. ^
  6. ^ bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov Federal Law Enforcement United States Bureau of Justice Statistics Publications & Products. Page last revised on 17 June 2010. Retrieved 2010-06-17.

External links

Federal law enforcement agencies of the United States
Department of Agriculture
Department of Commerce
Department of Defense
Department of the Army
Department of the Navy
Department of the Air Force
Department of Energy
Department of Health and Human Services
Department of Homeland Security
Department of the Interior
Department of Justice
Department of State
Department of Transportation
Department of the Treasury
Department of Veterans Affairs
United States Congress
Judicial branch
Other federal law enforcement agencies
Lists of law enforcement agencies by country
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