By: M. Schneebeli; A. Steinfeld; P. P. Ebner
Description: Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Snow at or close to the surface commonly undergoes temperature
gradient metamorphism under advective flow, which alters its
microstructure and physical properties. Time-lapse X-ray
micro-tomography is applied to investigate the structural dynamics
of temperature gradient snow metamorphism exposed to an advective
airflow in controlled laboratory conditions. The s... Albert, M. R.: Effects of snow and firn ventilation on sublimation rates, Ann. Glaciol., 35, 52–56, 2002.; Albert, M. R. and Hardy, J. P.: Ventilation experiments in a seasonal snow cover, in: Biogeochemistry of Seasonally Snow-Covered Catchments, IAHS Publ. 228, edited by: Tonnessen, K. A., Williams, M. W., and Tranter, M., IAHS Press, Wallingford, UK, 41–49, 1995.; Albert, M. R. and McGilvary, W. R.: Thermal effects due to air flow and vapor transport in dry snow, J. G...
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By: F. Neugirg; M. Schindewolf; F. Haas; J. Schmidt; A. Kaiser; M. Becht
Description: Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany. The objective of the presented work was to develop a method to acquire
Manning's n by creating very high-resolution surface models with structure-from-motion methods. As hydraulic roughness is an essential parameter for
physically based erosion models, a practical measuring technique is valuable
during field work. Data acquisition took place during several field
experiments in the Lainbach valle... Abbott, E. J. and Firestone, F. A.: Specifying surface quality: a method based on accurate measurement and comparison, ASME Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 55, 569–572, 1933.; Agisoft: Lens: http://downloads.agisoft.ru/lens/doc/en/lens.pdf, last access: 10 May 2014.; Agisoft: PhotoScan: http://downloads.agisoft.ru/pdf/photoscan-pro_1_0_0_en.p...
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By: T. Tucciarelli; V. Sammartano; M. Sinagra; E. Spada; G. Corato
Description: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali (DICAM), Università degli studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy. Two new methods for vertically averaged velocity computation are presented,
validated and compared with other available formulas. The first method
derives from the well-known Huthoff algorithm, which is first shown to be
dependent on the way the river cross section is discretized into several
s... Abril, J. B. and Knight, D. W.: Stage-discharge prediction for rivers in flood applying a depth-averaged model, J. Hydraul. Res., 42, 616–629, 2004.; Ackers, P.: Flow formulae for straight two-stage channels, J. Hydraul. Res., 31, 509–531, 1993.; Ansys Inc.: ANSYS CFX Reference guide, Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, USA, 2006.; Aricò, C., Nasello, C., and Tucciarelli, T.: Using unsteady water level data to estimate channel roughness and discharge hydrograph, Adv. Water Resour....
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By: B. K. Biskaborn; V. E. Romanovsky; D. A. Streletskiy; J.-p. Lanckman; W. L. Cable; K. Elger; H. Lantuit
Description: Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany. The Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost (GTN-P) provides the first
dynamic database associated with the Thermal State of Permafrost (TSP) and
the Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) programs, which extensively
collect permafrost temperature and active layer thickness (ALT) data from
Arctic, Antarctic and mountain permafrost regions. The purpose of GTN-... ACIA: Impacts of a Warming Arctic – Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2004.; Allard, M., Sarrazin, D., and L'Hérault, E.: Borehole monitoring temperatures in northeastern Canada, v. 1.2 (1988–2014), Nordicana D8, data set, doi:10.5885/45291SL-34F28A9491014AFD, 2014.; Bartsch, A. and Seifert, F. M.: The ESA DUE Permafrost project-A service for high latitude research, in: ...
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By: H. D. Matthews; J.-s. Landry
Description: Department of Geography, McGill University, Montréal, Canada. Fire is arguably the most influential natural disturbance in
terrestrial ecosystems, thereby playing a major role in carbon
exchanges and affecting many climatic processes. Nevertheless, fire
has not been the subject of dedicated studies in coupled
climate–carbon models with interactive vegetation until very
recently. Hence, previous studies resorted to results from simulations... Amiro, B. D., Orchansky, A. L., Barr, A. G., Black, T. A., Chambers, S. D., Chapin, F. S., Goulden, M. L., Litvak, M., Liu, H. P., McCaughey, J. H., McMilland, A., and Randerson, J. T.: The effect of post-fire stand age on the boreal forest energy balance, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 140, 41–50, 2006.; Archer, D., Eby, M., Brovkin, V., Ridgwell, A., Cao, L., Mikolajewicz, U., Caldeira, K., Matsumoto, K., Munhoven, G., Montenegro, A., and Tokos, K.: Atmospheric lifetime of fos...
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By: X. Wang; X. Huang; P. A. Meyers; J. Xue
Description: State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China. Leaf wax molecular and isotopic ratios are generally considered robust
isotopic paleohydrologic proxies. Here we evaluate the proxy value of
the molecular distributions and hydrogen isotopic compositions of long
chain n-alkanes (ΔDalk) in surface peats
collected from peatlands across a range of annual air temperatures... Baas, M., Pancost, R., van Geel, B., and Sinninghe Damsté, J. S.: A comparative study of lipids in Sphagnum species, Org. Geochem., 31, 535–541, 2000.; Bingham, E. M., McClymont, E. L., Väliranta, M., Mauquoy, D., Roberts, Z., Chambers, F. M., Pancost, R. D., and Evershed, R. P.: Conservative composition of n-alkane biomarkers in Sphagnum species: implications for palaeoclimate reconstruction in ombrotrophic peat bogs, Org. Geochem., 41, 214–220, 2010.; Bow...
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By: J. S. Frederiksen; R. J. Francey
Description: Earth System Assessment, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Aspendale, Australia. The annual average CO2 difference between baseline data from Mauna Loa and the Southern Hemisphere increased by ∼
0.8 Μmol mol−1 (0.8 ppm) between 2009 and 2010, a step unprecedented in over 50 years of reliable
data. We find no evidence for coinciding, sufficiently large and rapid, source/sink changes. A statistical anomaly is unlikely
due to the... Ashfold, M. J., Pyle, J. A., Robinson, A. D., Meneguz, E., Nadzir, M. S. M., Phang, S. M., Samah, A. A., Ong, S., Ung, H. E., Peng, L. K., Yong, S. E., and Harris, N. R. P.: Rapid transport of East Asian pollution to the deep tropics, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 3565–3573, doi:10.5194/acp-15-3565-2015, 2015.; Ciais, Ph., Reichstein, M., Viovy, N., Granier, A., Ogée, J., Allard, V., Aubinet, M., Buchmann, N., Bernhofer, C...
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By: N. E. Cantin; S. Uthicke; M. C. Nash; A. P. Negri
Description: Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia. There are concerns that Mg-calcite crustose coralline algae (CCA), which are
key reef builders on coral reefs, will be most susceptible to increased rates
of dissolution under higher pCO2 and ocean acidification. Due to the
higher solubility of Mg-calcite, it has been hypothesised that magnesium
concentrations in CCA Mg-calcite will decrease as the oc... Bischoff, W. D., Mackenzie, F. T., and Bishop, F. C.: Stabilities of synthetic magnesian calcites in aqueous solution: Comparison with biogenic materials, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 51, 1413–1423, 1987.; Burdett, H. L., Hennige, S. J., Francis, F. T. Y., and Kamenos, N. A.: The photosynthetic characteristics of red coralline algae, determined using pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometry, Mar. Biol. Res., 8, 756–763, 2012.; Caragnano, A. D., Basso, D. E., Jacob, D., ...
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By: A. Paulmier; H. Yahia; I. Hernández-carrasco; V. Garçon; J. Sudre; C. Garbe; B. Dewitte; J. M. Santana-casiano; I. Dadou; M. González-dávila; S. Illig
Description: LEGOS, Laboratoire d'Études en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales (CNES-CNRS-IRD-UPS), 31401 Toulouse, France. An accurate quantification of the role of the ocean as source/sink of
greenhouse gases (GHGs) requires to access the high-resolution of the GHG
air–sea flux at the interface. In this paper we present a novel method to
reconstruct maps of surface ocean partial pressure of CO2 ( pCO2) and
air–sea CO2 flu... Abraham, E. and Bowen, M.: Chaotic stirring by a mesoscale surface-ocean flow, Chaos, 12, 373–381, 2002.; Abraham, E., Law, C., Boyd, P., Lavender, S., Maldonado, M., and Bowie, A.: Importance of stirring in the development of an iron-fertilized phytoplankton bloom, Nature, 407, 727–730, 2000.; Arneodo, A., Argoul, F., Bacry, E., Elezgaray, J., and J.F., M.: Ondelettes, multifractales et turbulence, Diderot Editeur, Paris, France, 1995.; Donlon, C. J., Martin, M., Stark,...
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By: T. Pedersen; C. E. Valladares; R. Sheehan
Description: Institute for Scientific Research, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA. We present multi-instrumented measurements and multi-technique analysis of
polar cap patches observed early during the recovery phase of the major
magnetic storm of 20 November 2003 to investigate the origin of the polar
cap patches. During this event, the Qaanaaq imager observed elongated polar
cap patches, some of which containing variable brightness; the Qaanaaq
dig... Basu, S., Basu, S., MacKenzie, E., Fougere, P. F., Coley, W. R., Maynard, N. C., Winningham, J. D., Sugiura, M., Hanson, W. B., and Hoegy, W. R.: Simultaneous Density and Electric Field Fluctuation Spectra Associated with Velocity Shears in the Auroral Oval, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 115–136, 1988.; Basu, S., Weber, E. J., Bullett, T. W., Keskinen, M. J., MacKenzie, E., Doherty, P., Sheehan, R., Kuenzler, H., Ning, P., and Bongiolatti, J.: Characteristics of plasma structuri...
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By: A. Leithead; M. Luo; K. E. Cady-pereira; P. Lehr; S.-m. Li; J. Zhang; J. O. Bash; J. Liggio; D. B. Millet; R. M. Staebler; L. Zhu; K. C. Wells; J. R. Brook; M. Gordon; A. Akingunola; D. K. Henze; P. Makar; K. Hayden; C. A. McLinden; S. G. Moussa; S. Chaliyakunnel; M. W. Shephard; M. Wolde; S. L. Capps
Description: Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The wealth of air quality information provided by satellite infrared
observations of ammonia (NH3), carbon monoxide (CO), formic
acid (HCOOH), and methanol (CH3OH) is currently being
explored and used for number of applications, especially at
regional or global scales. These applications include air quality
monitoring, trend analysis, emissions, and model evaluation. This
study p... Andreae, M. O. and Merlet, P.: Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 15, 955–966, doi:10.1029/2000GB001382, 2001.; Andreae, M. O., Andreae, T. W., Talbot, R. W., and Harriss, R. C.: Formic and acetic acid over the central Amazon region, Brazil I Dry season, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 1616–1624, doi:10.1029/JD093iD02p01616, 1988....
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By: A. Engel; H. Bönisch; F. Obersteiner
Description: Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Science, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany. We present the characterization and application of a new gas
chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry instrument
(GC-TOFMS) for the quantitative analysis of halocarbons in air
samples. The setup comprises three fundamental enhancements compared
to our earlier work (Hoker et al., 2015): (1) full automation, (2)
a mass resolving power R... Bassford, M. R., Simmonds, P. G., and Nickless, G.: An automated system for near-real-time monitoring of trace atmospheric halocarbons, Anal. Chem., 70, 958–965, 1998.; Arnold, T., Muhle, J., Salameh, P. K., Harth, C. M., Ivy, D. J., and Weiss, R. F.: Automated measurement of nitrogen trifluoride in ambient air, Anal. Chem., 84, 4798–4804, 2012.; Bonk, T. and Humeny, A.: MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of protein and DNA, Neuroscientist, 7, 6–12, 2001.; Carpenter, L. J., Reimann, ...
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By: Forootan; E. Awange; J. Khandu
Description: Department of Spatial Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia. Poor reliability of radiosonde observational networks across South Asia
imposes serious challenges in understanding climate variability and
thermodynamic structure of the upper-tropospheric and lower-stratospheric
(UTLS) region. The Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,
Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) mission launched in April 2006 have overcome
many observational limitation... Anthes, R. A.: Exploring Earth's atmosphere with radio occultation: contributions to weather, climate and space weather, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 4, 1077–1103, doi:10.5194/amt-4-1077-2011, 2011.; Anthes, R. A., Ector, D., Hunt, D. C., Kuo, Y. H., Rocken, C., Schreiner, W. S., Sokolovskiy, S. V., Syndergaard, S., Wee, T. K., Zeng, Z., Bernhardt, P. A., Dymond, K. F., Chen, Y., Liu, H., Manning, K., Randel, W. J., Trenberth,...
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By: S. Lossow; S. Brinkop; G. Stiller; P. Jöckel; M. Dameris; H. Garny
Description: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. This study investigates the abrupt and severe water vapour decline
in the stratosphere beginning in year 2000 (the millennium water
vapour drop) and other similar stratospheric water vapour drops by
means of various simulations with the state-of-the-art
Chemistry-Climate Model (CCM) EMAC (ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric
Chemistry Model). The CCM ... Calvo, N., Garcia, R. R., Randel, W. J., and Marsh, D. R.: Dynamical mechanism for the increase in tropical upwelling in the lowermost tropical stratosphere during warm ENSO events, J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 2331–2340, 2010.; Deckert, R. and Dameris, M.: Higher tropical SSTs strengthen the tropical upwelling via deep convection, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L10813, doi:10.1029/2008GL033719, 2008.; Eichinger, R., Jöckel, P., and Lo...
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By: W. R. Leaitch; J. K. Kodros; M. J. Wheeler; S. A. Atwood; A. M. MacDonald; S. D. D'Andrea; J. Y. Ng; J. R. Pierce
Description: Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA. Remote and free tropospheric aerosols represent a large fraction of the
climatic influence of aerosols; however, aerosol in these regions is less
characterized than those polluted boundary layers. We evaluate aerosol size
distributions predicted by the GEOS-Chem-TOMAS global chemical transport
model with online aerosol microphysics using measurements from the peak of
Wh... Ahlm, L., Shakya, K. M., Russell, L. M., Schroder, J. C., Wong, J. P. S., Sjostedt, S. J., Hayden, K. L., Liggio, J., Wentzell, J. J. B., Wiebe, H. A., Mihele, C., Leaitch, W. R., and Macdonald, A. M.: Temperature-dependent accumulation mode particle and cloud nuclei concentrations from biogenic sources during WACS 2010, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3393–3407, \doi:10.5194/acp-13-3393-2013, 2013.; Bailey, R., Barrie, L. A...
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By: M. Ribeiro; A. Colomb; C. Rose; T. Bourianne; K. Sellegri; E. Freney; J.-m. Pichon; A. Schwarzenboeck; F. Burnet; R. Dupuy
Description: Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique CNRS UMR6016, Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Blaise Pascal, Aubière, France. While atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) has been observed in various
environments and was found to contribute significantly to the total aerosol
particle concentration, the production of new particles over open seas is
poorly documented in the literature. Nucleation events were detected and
analysed o... Asmi, E., Frey, A., Virkkula, A., Ehn, M., Manninen, H. E., Timonen, H., Tolonen-Kivimäki, O., Aurela, M., Hillamo, R., and Kulmala, M.: Hygroscopicity and chemical composition of Antarctic sub-micrometre aerosol particles and observations of new particle formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4253–4271, doi:10.5194/acp-10-4253-2010, 2010.; Birmili, W., Berresheim, H., Plass-Dülmer, C., Elste, T., Gilge, S., Wiedensohler...
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By: D. A. Knopf; J. Wang; J. H. Slade; R. Thalman
Description: Institute for Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. Multiphase OH and O3 oxidation reactions with atmospheric
organic aerosol (OA) can influence particle physicochemical
properties including composition, morphology, and lifetime. Chemical
aging of initially insoluble or low-soluble single-component OA by
OH and O3... Abbatt, J. P. D., Broekhuizen, K., and Kumal, P. P.: Cloud condensation nucleus activity of internally mixed ammonium sulfate/organic acid aerosol particles, Atmos. Environ., 39, 4767–4778, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.04.029, 2005.; Abbatt, J. P. D., Lee, A. K. Y., and Thornton, J. A.: Quantifying trace gas uptake to tropospheric aerosol: recent advances and remaining challenges, Chem. Soc. Rev., 41, 6555–6581,...
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By: R. M. Harrison; D. C. Green; G. W. Fuller; D. C. S. Beddows
Description: National Centre for Atmospheric Science School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. Positive matrix factorisation (PMF) analysis was applied to PM10
chemical composition and particle number size distribution (NSD) data
measured at an urban background site (North Kensington) in London, UK, for the
whole of 2011 and 2012. The PMF analyses for these 2 years revealed six and fo... Abdalmogith, S. S. and Harrison, R. M.: The use of trajectory cluster analysis to examine the long-range transport of secondary inorganic aerosol in the UK, Atmos. Environ., 39, 6686–6695, 2005.; AQEG: Particulate Matter in the UK, Air Quality Expert Group, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, London, available at: http://archive....
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By: C. Lambiel; A. Marmy; M. Hoelzle; N. Salzmann; J. Noetzli; S. Kotlarski; M. Phillips; R. Delaloye; J. Rajczak; C. Hilbich; C. Hauck; B. Staub
Description: Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland. Permafrost is a widespread phenomenon in the European Alps. Many
important topics such as the future evolution of permafrost related
to climate change and the detection of permafrost related to
potential natural hazards sites are of major concern to our
society. Numerical permafrost models are the only tools which
facilitate the projection of the future evolution of permafros... Anisimov, O. A.: Potential feedback of thawing permafrost to the global climate system through methane emission, Environ. Res. Lett., 2, 045016, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/2/4/045016, 2007.; Anthony, K. M. W., Anthony, P., Grosse, G., and Chanton, J.: Geologic methane seeps along boundaries of Arctic permafrost thaw and melting glaciers, Nat. Geosci., 5, 419–426, 2012.; Arenson, L. U., Hoelzle, M., and Springman, S.: ...
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By: H. Delattre; C. Sonzogni; C. Vallet-coulomb
Description: Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, CEREGE UM34, Europôle méditerranéen de l'Arbois, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France. Stable isotopes of water vapour represent a powerful tool for tracing
atmospheric vapour origin and mixing processes. Laser spectrometry recently
allowed high time-resolution measurements, but despite an increasing number
of experimental studies, there is still a need for a better understanding of
the isotopic signal variability at differe... Roderick, M. L. and Farquhar, G. D.: The Cause of Decreased Pan Evaporation over the Past 50 Years, Science, 298, 1410–1411, doi:10.1126/science.1075390, 2002.; Roderick, M. L., Rotstayn, L. D., Farquhar, G. D., and Hobbins, M. T.: On the attribution of changing pan evaporation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L17403, doi:10.1029/2007GL031166, 2007.; Salati, E., Dall'Olio, A...
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